Drawing hollow glass articles.



F, L. o. WADSWURTH.

DBWIN G HOLLOW GLA SS ARTICLES.

Prummel maar) um. 2. 190e. v 985,866. Patented Mar. 7, 1911.

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WITNESSES .INVENTOR famm! www P. L. 0. WADSWORTH. DRAWING HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.2, 1906. 'l I v Patented Man?, 1911.

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I .MEITNESSES I'. L. O. WADSWORTH. DRAWING HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES.

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Patented Mar.

. iiattening, to lap in the manner illustrated- UNITED STATES PQCENT OFFlCE.

FRANK L. 0. WA'DSWORTH, OF SEWICKLEY, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOB. TO WINDOW GLASS MACHINE COMPANY, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, A. CORPORATION 0F NEW JERSEY.

HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES.

Patented Mar. 7, 1911.

Application led August 2. 1966.- Seal No. 328,833.

To all wi'mm it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK L. O. VVAosivonri-I, of Sewickley, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania', have invented a new und usethe difficulties above referred to, and to proful In'ipiovenirnt iii Drawing Hollow Glass t Articles, of which the following is a full, 'f

1 forni conditions at both their interior and clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming my invention; Fig. Q- is a section on the line lll-Ilot Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale illustrating the drawing operation; Figs. 4 and 5 are compara-v tive sectional views of a drawn glass cylinder showing the results obtained by my invention; Figs. 6 and 7 are vertical sections taken iii pla-nes at right angles to each other through the supply head and telescope casing; Fig. 8 is a section on the line VHP-VIII of Fig. 6; Fig. 9 is a section on the line l'X-IX of Fig. 7; and Figs. l0 and 11 are modifications.

My invention has relation to drawing hollow glass articles, and is designed to provide a novel method'and means whereby a drawn glass article may be produced, having the same physical characteristics at its inner and outer` portions. In the operation of drawing .hollow glass articles as heretofore generally practicedl this result has .not been obtained by reason of the fact that the air introduced by the blow pipe into the interior of the article is not capable of cooling the interior ofthe article to the same extent that its exterior is cooled. As a result of this, the glass in the bath from which the article is drawn is cooler at the exterior than at the interior, so that the glass is not drawn under uniform tension at both the interior aiidexterior ortions of the article. That is to say, a arger mass or meiiiseus of glass is drawn out of the bath at the outer circumterence of the article than at the inner circumference. This results in a distortion of the drawn article, and also in the production of strains therein both While itis being drawn and while it is cooling which weaken the cylinder and also cause it, when split for yin Fi 4 of the drawing. vThis is sin extreme y objectionable feature which results vide a method and means whereby the articles may be drawn under approximately' unimeans for equalizing the temperature at thev .inner and outer portions of the article being drawn. This is eli'ectcd in part by chilling the glass at the interior of the article heilig drawn, and in part by retarding the cooling of the exterior' portion of the article, these two features being preferably combined` although either one may be used `gf itself with good results.

My invention also consists in the novel steps and in the novel features of construction, arrangement and combination of apparatus hereinafter described and pointed out in the appended claims. i

In the drawings, the numeral .3 designates a pot or vessel from which the hollow article, such as the cylinder 3 is drawn upwardly by means of the blow pipe and bait 4 o erated by. the motor 5 or any other suitab e mais* a i ih 6 c esi na s an air su 1 e w iic extends dwnwardly froiiipay sliigply head 7 through the blow pipe and bait to a pointprcferably a short distance above the surface of the glass in the drawing pot or vessel 2. This pipe receives its air supply from a pipe 9 which` communicates therewith through the head 7. The air supply to this pipe is furnished by a compressor to a rerigerating apparatus 10 from the cooling coils 11, of which it asses into a reservoir 12 and thence by a pipe 13 to an expansion chamber 14. r`he ipe 13 communicates with the expansion c amber 14 by means of a nozzle 15, and the air escaping from this nozzle under the high pressure at which it is furnished by the compressor is further cooled by this expansion.

16 designates a safety valve or blow ot for the ex aiision chamber 14.

17 esignatcs a water pipe-which extends teleseopically through the head@ and which, in the arrangement shown suiirounds the air pipe 6, although this 1s not essential.

This pipe is provided with an internal transverse vertical partition 1S, which extends to within a short distance of the lower end of the pipe and provides a water circulating' passage whose upper end portions communicate with circulating pipes 19 and 20 through the head 7.

21 is a gasket or packing for the pipe 17 within the head 7.

22 is a three-way controlling valie by means of which the water from the supply pipe 23 can be circulated through the pipe 17 by way of pipes 19 and QU, or it can be moved to a position to drain the inlet circulating pipe 20. This valve may be' arranged as shown so as to be operated or l means of a suitable operating connection' controlled from the operators station Q1 by such as indicated at 25.

26 is a hollow blow. pipe head secured to the uppcr end of the blow pipe and bait 4 and which is provided with a perforated adjustable cap 27, the perforations of which may be brought wholly or in partinto alinement with corresponding perforations in the body portion of the head to thereby control the escape of air from' the interior of the article being drawn, such air passing upwardly around the water pipe 17 in the ar-V rangement shown.

28 designates the carrier for the blow pipe v and bait to which I attach the operating cables 29. These two cables 29 are united by an equalizing pulley 30 which is connected to the motor 5 by the cable 31. By the provision of the two cables Q9 an even ull from the two ,sides of the cylinder is insured without the use of guides or other means for the purpose.

32 designates a circular hood 0r shield concentrically arranged to surround the cyl- Inder while 1t is being drawn. This shield or hood is formed with r. series ot' internal horizontal batlies 33 which serve to retard the upward passage of the hot air and gases from the drawing pot., said shield thereby largely preventing the escape of heat from the exterior of the article being drawn either by radiation or convection. The hood or shield 32 is formed in sections as shown in Fig. 2, connected by hinges 34 so that the front section may be swung outwardly to permit the removal of the drawn cylinder. The batlles are secured to the sections ot the shield and are also constructed in sections as shown in said figure.

35 designates a suitable motor and gear by means of which the air supply and water pipes 6 and 17 may be drawn upwardly through the bait and blow pipe at the cornpletion of the drawing operation to permit the ready removal ot the latter.

During the drawing operation a continuous supply of the refrigerated air is supplied to the interior of thc article at a constant level, and a continuous circulation of water "s also maintained through the pipe 17. The effect of this is to cause the removal of a. considerable portion of the heat ot the oath at A'zhe interior of the article and 70 also to chill or cool the interior surface o1e the article as it is drawn by reason ofthe circulation of the cold air therein. The

, water in the pipe 17, togethe: with the pipe itself, forms an eicient conducting means for carrying away this heat and effects a considerable lowering of the temperature at the surface ot the bath of glass within the cylinder. At the same time, the surrounding hood or shield 3Q, with its series of battles, 80 prevents largely the escape of heat at the exterior of the article, and thereby maintains a surrounding atmosphere or a tempcraturc which approimates as near as may be the temperature at the interior of the article: The combined effect of the interior' chilling and the retardation of .exterior cooling is therefore to equalize the physical conditions at both the interior and exterior srfaces of the cylinder during the drawing op- 90 eration, and enables the roduction of a hollow drawn article whic is o uniform thickness, and which is free from strains. As a result or this when the cylinder is cracked open for flattening, it will separate as shown in Fig. 5 without the objectionable overlapping of the edges indicated in Fig.

4. This etiects a largesaving in the percentage of breakage.

As a further means for retarding the ex- 10o terior chilling of the article by radiation and convection, I ma in some cases till the space between the shield 32 and the article being drawn by an artificially heated medium. This; may be accomplished con-.105 veniently as showt; in Fig. 10 by lining the interior of the shield withh coils of wila 36 embedded in an insuiating lining of ashes? tos or other suitabie material 37 and through which a current of electricity may be passed 11e at will; or in other cases by introducing a current or jet of live steam or gas into the shield atits upper end through pipes 38.

The :apidityof the interior chi ling may he increased in some cases by expanding the lower end of the water pipe 17 into a head 17a as shown in F ig. 11. in this case the. bait is prcferablyrmade in the form of an expanded ring of the construction for eziample specitied in my application No. 12o 306,524, filed March 17th, 1906. Y

Instead of supplying refrigerated air to the interior of the article 'as hereinbefore described, I may supply some other Huid 0f low temperature and high specific heat such 125 as carbonic acid gas or ammonia gas such gas being preferably passed through an ex-l pansion chamber, such as that indicated at. 14 before passing to the interior of the article. The use of these or similar gases is 13S advantageous owing to the fact that. their h1 gh specific heat. and low temperature makes .the construction and arrangement. of the ing the article from bath of molten glass,

them etiicient agents for the carrying away of the heat from the bath.

As hereinbeforc stated, while I prefer to combine the features of internal chilling and retardation of external cooling, either one of these features may be employed by it'selt` with beneficial results.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in apparatus employed in the practice of my invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, since "What I claim is 1. In the manufact-ure of hollow glass articles, the method which consists in drawing the article from a bath of molten `glass, and equalizin,r the physical conditions of temperature, radiation and dratt along the interior. and exterior surfaces of the article during the drawing operation', substantially as described.

2. In the manufacture of hollow glass articles, the method which consists in drawing the article from a bath of molten glass, and equalizing the temperature of the surface of the glass along the interiorvand exterioryof the article during the drawing operation; substantially as described.

A 3. Inv the manufacture of hollow glass articles, the method which consists in drawing the article from a bath of molt-en glass and chilling the interior portion of the article, and retarding the cooling of the exterior portion of the article during the drawing operation; substantially as described. i

4. In the manufacture of hollow glass. articles, the method which consists in drawing the article from a bath of molten glass and during the drawing operation supplying the entire interior of the article with an artificially-cooled fluid; substantially as described.

5. In the manufacture of hollow glass articles, the method which consists in d rawand during the drawing operation supplying-the interior of the article with a fluid at low temperatureas compared with the glass article and capable of absorbing and carrying od heat; substantially as described.

6. In the manufacture of hollow glass articles, the method which consists in drawing the articlel from a bath of molten glass, and during the thawing operation exposing the interior of 't'.earticle'to the action of an artiticially cooled' iluid; substantially a described. A

T. In the manufacture of hollow glass articles, the method which consists in drawing the article from a bath of molten glass, and during the drawing operation exposing the entireiiue.rior .surface .of the' article throughout. its length to the combined eil'ect of a. cooling liquid and gas; substantially as described.

8. The method of drawinghollow glass articles which comprises introducing a iluid within the article so asto circulate there'- through in a vertical direction, and cooling themiuid before entry, substantially as de- 9. In the manufacture of hollow glass articles, the method which consists indrawing the article from a bath of molten 'glass and during the drawing operation retarding the escape of heat from the exterior of the article around its entire circumference and for the major portion of its length by con'- vection and radiation; substantially as de scribed.

10. In the manufacture of hollow glass articles, the method which consists in drawing the article from a bath of molten glass, and during the drawing operation, equalizing the external temperature conditions by symmetrically retarding the loss of heat `from the entire exterior of the article around its entire circumference and for the major portion of its length; substantially as described.

l1. The method of drawing a hollow glass article from a molten mass, and meantime uniformly retarding the cooling of the entire outer surface along at least the major portion of its entire length.

12. Glass drawing apparat-us having means for chilling the interior portion of the article being drawn and for retarding the cooling of its exterior portion; substantially as described.

13. Glass drawing apparatus having an air passage arranged to extend to the interior of the article being drawn, and means for retrigerating the air supply to said pas` sage; substantially as described.'

14. In glass. drawing apparatus, a glass pot, means for drawing a hollow glass article therefrom, means for supplying air to the interior of the article being drawn, and means for retrigerating the air; substantially as described.V

l5. Glass drawing apparatus having an air passage arranged to extend to'the interior of the article being drawn and to open into the interior of the article, and means for continually supplying thereto a fluid of low temperature as compared with the article a' il Acapable ot' absorbing and carrying off bent; 'suljrstantiully as described.

3U.' lo. apparatus for drawing glass, an :xi-r passage arranged to extend to the interior ot tbc article being drawn, air refrigertiting means, and an expansion chamber ini ternwdinte the refrigr-riit-ing wenns and the said-passage; -substantially as described.

i7. In uppamtus for drawing glass, an .tir passage arranged to entend within the l i f interior of the article to be drawn, a water chamber or passage surrounding the air passage, and means for effecting a circulation through the water chamber or passage; substantially as described.

18. In an apparatus :for drawing glass, a glass pot, A1n Vans for drawing a hollow glass article upwardly therefrom, a Water circu- .lating passage or chamber arranged to eX- tend to a point near the surface of the glass in said pot, and a gas supply pipe arranged to extend within said passage and the article being drawn; substantialiy as described.

It). In glass drawing apparatus,abait, gas and liquid circulating pipes extending telescopieally through the bait, and means for raising and lowering said pipes; substantially as described.

20. Apparatus for drawing hollow glass articles, having means for ret-arding the escape of heat by convection and radiation from the exterior portion of the article beingdrawn around its entire circumference and for at least'. the major portion of its length, substantially as described.

21. Apparatus for drawing hollow glass articles having a shield or hood arranged to surround the article being drawn and having its walls concentric with such article; substantially as described.

22. Apparatus for drawing hollow glass articles comprising drawing means including the blow-pipe, and a shield surrounding the article adapted to retard the cooling the major portion of its length.

23. Glass drawing apparatus having a. shield or hood arranged to surround the article being drawn, and formed with a series of internal horizontally-arranged batlies for retarding the escape of heat by convection; substantially as described.

24. ln glass drawing.I apparatus, a bait, a. carrier therefor, and equalizing hoisting connections attached to said carrier atopposite points whereby to balance the same on its supports 'and avoid twisting strains; substantially as described.

25. Apparatns for drawing hollow glass articles comprising a blow-pipe and bait and means to draw it upward, a relatively stationary air-supply pipe teleseoped by the blow-pipe and bait and means to cool the air passing therethrough for circulation through the entire article, substantially as described.

2G. Apparatus lor drawing hollow glass articles comprising a bait and blow-pipe and shield lsurrounding the article having means to retard exterior cooling throughout the I najor portion of its length, substantially as described. 'l

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set'. my hand.

FRANK L. O. XVADSWORTH. Titncssesz N. M. GRIFFIN, H. M. ConwIN.

'along the entire exterior surfaces throughoutl means to draw the baitupwardly, and 

